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The sleeper effect of comparative advertising in oligopolistic markets
Journal article   Peer reviewed

The sleeper effect of comparative advertising in oligopolistic markets

Rabah Amir, Dominika Machowska and Andrzej Nowakowski
Journal of economic dynamics & control, Vol.177, 105122
08/2025
DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105122

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Abstract

This research deals with comparative advertising strategies of firms in an oligopolistic market in the presence of the sleeper effect, through the lens of a differential game with time delay. We examine the open-loop Nash equilibrium and, for its validation, propose a new verification theorem that determines if a given strategy profile constitutes a Nash equilibrium. Our results reveal how the sleeper effect influences the equilibrium of comparative advertising strategies across two decision-making periods. Moreover, we highlight how market factors and firm attributes can significantly affect these strategies and derive conditions under which a firm will abstain from such strategies. Overall, our study provides novel insights into how market dynamics, firm attributes, and the sleeper effect interact in shaping comparative advertising strategies.
Comparative advertising Sleeper effect Open-loop Nash equilibrium Verification theorem Differential game with time delay

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