Journal article
Thyroxine and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Own Mother’s Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula
Life (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.12(4), p.584
04/14/2022
DOI: 10.3390/life12040584
PMCID: PMC9025043
PMID: 35455075
Abstract
Breastfeeding is widely supported in clinical and home practices, and it is known that different forms of infant feeding differ in hormone content. Thyroid hormones have essential physiological roles. In our study, we examined thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine, and albumin levels in breast milk produced for term (n = 16) or preterm (n = 15) infants throughout the first 6 months of lactation. Moreover, we analyzed these components in donor human milk and in three different infant formulas. Term and preterm breast milk samples were collected monthly. The two groups had similar levels of TSH (18.4 ± 1.4 vs. 24.7 ± 2.9 nU/L), but term milk contained higher amounts of thyroxine (11,245.5 ± 73.8 vs. 671.6 ± 61.2 nmol/L) during the examination period. The albumin level was significantly higher in preterm breast milk than in term breast milk (328.6 ± 17.1 vs. 264.2 ± 6.8 mg/L). In preterm breast milk we detected downward trends in the levels of TSH (−30.2%) and thyroxine (−29.2%) in the 3rd through 6th month compared to the first 2 months of lactation. Microbiological safety of donor milk was ensured by Holder pasteurization (HoP). From the Breast Milk Collection Center of Pécs, Hungary, we enrolled 44 donor mothers into the study. HoP decreased TSH (−73.8%), thyroxine (−22.4%), and albumin (−20.9%) concentrations. Infant formulas used by the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Pécs were found to not contain the investigated hormones, but their albumin levels were similar to the breast milk samples. The present study shows the lack of thyroid hormones in infant formulas compared to human milk and raises the question of whether formula-fed infants should be supplemented with thyroid hormones.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Thyroxine and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Own Mother’s Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formula
- Creators
- Réka A. Vass - University of PecsGabriella Kiss - University of PecsEdward F. Bell - University of IowaAttila Miseta - University of PecsJózsef Bódis - University of PecsSimone Funke - University of PecsSzilvia Bokor - University of PecsDénes Molnár - University of PecsBalázs Kósa - University of PecsAnna A. Kiss - University of PecsTimea Takács - University of PecsFlóra Dombai - University of PecsTibor Ertl - University of Pecs
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Life (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.12(4), p.584
- DOI
- 10.3390/life12040584
- PMID
- 35455075
- PMCID
- PMC9025043
- NLM abbreviation
- Life (Basel)
- ISSN
- 2075-1729
- eISSN
- 2075-1729
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/501100012550, name: National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, award: GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00021; name: New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology, award: ÚNKP-20-4-I., National Laboratory on Human Reproduction
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 04/14/2022
- Academic Unit
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Neonatology
- Record Identifier
- 9984353948402771
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