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Tinnitus and Reactions to Tinnitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey Across Different Tinnitus Durations
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Tinnitus and Reactions to Tinnitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey Across Different Tinnitus Durations

Anna Carolina Marques Perrella de Barros, Joel Isaac Berger and Richard S. Tyler
Audiology research (Pavia, Italy), Vol.16(3), 64
04/27/2026
DOI: 10.3390/audiolres16030064
url
https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16030064View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Tinnitus and reactions to the tinnitus are different dimensions that can be explored in research and in clinical settings. Notably, these dimensions can elucidate priorities and the most problematic areas for patient-centered approaches. The aim of this study is to determine how tinnitus is perceived and impacts people who have experienced tinnitus for different durations. Methods: People with tinnitus were invited to participate in a survey at the University of Iowa Tinnitus Website. 709 people responded and documented their perceived sound, problems experienced, and duration of tinnitus. We assessed correlations between the duration of tinnitus and the pitch rating, the loudness rating, and the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire scores. Additionally, we performed a multiple linear regression analysis, considering the dependent variable ‘duration of tinnitus’, to explore associations between duration of tinnitus and the aforementioned factors. This was a cross-sectional study based on comparisons of responses from patients with different tinnitus durations, rather than examining the same patients longitudinally. Results: The analysis demonstrated that respondents with a longer duration of tinnitus reported higher loudness ratings (p = 0.010). However, their reactions to tinnitus (Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire) were associated with a decrease compared with a shorter duration of tinnitus (p = 0.048). There was no association between pitch rating and duration of tinnitus. Conclusions: Our findings indicated louder tinnitus was associated with a longer duration of tinnitus. However, in general, the functional impact of the tinnitus was associated with a decrease. Notably, there was considerable variability among individuals, suggesting that additional factors contribute to these relationships. These findings can be considered in treatment decisions and counseling strategies.

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