Journal article
Toward a clinical protocol for assessing rod, cone, and melanopsin contributions to the human pupil response
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Vol.52(9), pp.6624-6635
08/22/2011
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7586
PMCID: PMC3175993
PMID: 21743008
Abstract
PURPOSE. To better understand the relative contributions of rod, cone, and melanopsin to the human pupillary light reflex (PLR) and to determine the optimal conditions for assessing the health of the rod, cone, and melanopsin pathways with a relatively brief clinical protocol. METHODS. PLR was measured with an eye tracker, and stimuli were controlled with a Ganzfeld system. In experiment 1, 2.5 log cd/m(2) red (640 ± 10 nm) and blue (467 ± 17 nm) stimuli of various durations were presented after dark adaptation. In experiments 2 and 3, 1-second red and blue stimuli were presented at different intensity levels in the dark (experiment 2) or on a 0.78 log cd/m(2) blue background (experiment 3). Based on the results of experiments 1 to 3, a clinical protocol was designed and tested on healthy control subjects and patients with retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's congenital amaurosis. RESULTS. The duration for producing the optimal melanopsin-driven sustained pupil response after termination of an intense blue stimulus was 1 second. PLR rod- and melanopsin-driven components are best studied with low- and high-intensity flashes, respectively, presented in the dark (experiment 2). A blue background suppressed rod and melanopsin responses, making it easy to assess the cone contribution with a red flash (experiment 3). With the clinical protocol, robust melanopsin responses could be seen in patients with few or no contributions from the rods and cones. CONCLUSIONS. It is possible to assess the rod, cone, and melanopsin contributions to the PLR with blue flashes at two or three intensity levels in the dark and one red flash on a blue background.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Toward a clinical protocol for assessing rod, cone, and melanopsin contributions to the human pupil response
- Creators
- Jason C Park - Departments of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, USAAna L MouraAli S RazaDavid W RheeRandy H KardonDonald C Hood
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Vol.52(9), pp.6624-6635
- DOI
- 10.1167/iovs.11-7586
- PMID
- 21743008
- PMCID
- PMC3175993
- NLM abbreviation
- Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
- ISSN
- 0146-0404
- eISSN
- 1552-5783
- Publisher
- United States
- Grant note
- 1R01EY018853-01A2 / NEI NIH HHS R01-EY-09076 / NEI NIH HHS R01 EY018853 / NEI NIH HHS R01 EY009076 / NEI NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 08/22/2011
- Academic Unit
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
- Record Identifier
- 9983980080002771
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