Journal article
Tracking POPs in Global Air from the First 10 Years of the GAPS Network (2005 to 2014)
Environmental science & technology, Vol.55(14), pp.9479-9488
07/02/2021
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01705
PMCID: PMC8296682
PMID: 34213310
Abstract
The Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) network, initiated in 2005 across 55 global sites, supports the global monitoring plan (GMP) of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) by providing information on POP concentrations in air on a global scale. These data inform assessments of the long-range transport potential of POPs and the effectiveness evaluation of chemical regulation efforts, by observing changes in concentrations over time. Currently, measurements spanning 5–10 sampling years are available for 40 sites from the GAPS Network. This study was the first time that POP concentrations in air were reported on a global scale for an extended time period and the first to evaluate worldwide trends with an internally consistent sample set. For consistency between sampling years, site- and sample specific sampling rates were calculated with a new, public online model, which accounts for the effects of wind speed variability. Concentrations for legacy POPs in air between 2005 and 2014 show different trends for different organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The POPs discussed in this study were chosen due to being the most frequently detected, with detection at the majority of sites. PCB, endosulfan, and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) concentrations in air are decreasing at most sites. The global trends reflect global sources and recycling of HCH, ongoing emissions from old stockpiles for PCBs, and recent use restrictions for endosulfan. These chlorinated OCPs continue to present exposure threat to humans and ecosystems worldwide. Concentrations of other OCPs, such as chlordanes, heptachlor and dieldrin, are steady and/or declining slowly at the majority of sites, reflecting a transition from primary to secondary sources (i.e., re-emission from reservoirs where these POPs have accumulated historically) which now control ambient air burdens.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Tracking POPs in Global Air from the First 10 Years of the GAPS Network (2005 to 2014)
- Creators
- Jasmin K Schuster - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4. CanadaTom Harner - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4. CanadaAnita Eng - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4. CanadaCassandra Rauert - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4. Canada, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, AustraliaKy Su - Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4. CanadaKeri C Hornbuckle - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States of AmericaConnor W Johnson - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States of America
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Environmental science & technology, Vol.55(14), pp.9479-9488
- DOI
- 10.1021/acs.est.1c01705
- PMID
- 34213310
- PMCID
- PMC8296682
- ISSN
- 0013-936X
- eISSN
- 1520-5851
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000066, name: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, award: ES013661; DOI: 10.13039/501100000023, name: Government of Canada; DOI: 10.13039/100004420, name: United Nations
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 07/02/2021
- Academic Unit
- Civil and Environmental Engineering; Occupational and Environmental Health; Iowa Superfund Research Program
- Record Identifier
- 9984095142902771
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