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Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: Psychiatric Disorders 24 Years Later
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: Psychiatric Disorders 24 Years Later

Jeffrey E Max, Emily A Troyer, Hattan Arif, Florin Vaida, Elisabeth A Wilde, Erin D Bigler, John R Hesselink, Tony T Yang, Olga Tymofiyeva, Owen Wade, …
The journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, Vol.34(1), pp.60-67
01/01/2022
DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20050104
PMCID: PMC9818773
PMID: 34538075
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9818773View
Open Access

Abstract

The investigators aimed to extend findings regarding predictive factors of psychiatric outcomes among children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI) from 2 to 24 years postinjury. Youths aged 6-14 years who were hospitalized following TBI from 1992 to 1994 were assessed at baseline for TBI severity and for preinjury psychiatric, adaptive, and behavioral functioning; family functioning; family psychiatric history; socioeconomic status; and intelligence within weeks of injury. Predictors of psychiatric outcomes following pediatric TBI at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury have previously been reported. In this study, repeat psychiatric assessments were completed at 24 years postinjury with the same cohort, now adults aged 29-39 years, with the outcome measure being presence of a psychiatric disorder not present before the TBI ("novel psychiatric disorder"). Fifty participants with pediatric TBI were initially enrolled, and the long-term outcome analyses focused on data from 45 individuals. Novel psychiatric disorder was present in 24 out of 45 (53%) participants. Presence of a current novel psychiatric disorder was independently predicted by the presence of a preinjury lifetime psychiatric disorder and by severity of TBI. Long-term psychiatric outcome (mean=23.92 years [SD=2.17]) in children and adolescents hospitalized for TBI can be predicted at the point of the initial hospitalization encounter by the presence of a preinjury psychiatric disorder and by greater injury severity.
Adolescent Adult Brain Injuries Brain Injuries, Traumatic - complications Brain Injuries, Traumatic - epidemiology Child Cohort Studies Humans Mental Disorders - epidemiology Mental Disorders - etiology Risk Factors

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