Journal article
Treatment for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: What have we Learned from Animal Models?
Current diabetes reviews, Vol.18(5), pp.3-e040521193121
01/01/2022
DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210504101609
PMCID: PMC8965779
PMID: 33949936
Abstract
Introduction: Animal models have been widely used to investigate the etiology and potential treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. What we have learned from these studies and the extent to which this information has been adapted for the human condition will be the subject of this review article.
Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was performed, and relevant articles on the topic were included in this review.
Results: Extensive study of diabetic animal models has shown that the etiology of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is complex, with multiple mechanisms affecting neurons, Schwann cells, and the microvasculature, which contribute to the phenotypic nature of this most common complication of diabetes. Moreover, animal studies have demonstrated that the mechanisms related to peripheral neuropathy occurring in type 1 and type 2 diabetes are likely different, with hyperglycemia being the primary factor for neuropathology in type 1 diabetes, which contributes to a lesser extent in type 2 diabetes, whereas insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and other factors may have a greater role. Two of the earliest mechanisms described from animal studies as a cause for diabetic peripheral neuropathy were the activation of the aldose reductase pathway and increased non-enzymatic glycation. However, continuing research has identified numerous other potential factors that may contribute to diabetic peripheral neuropathy, including oxidative and inflammatory stress, dysregulation of protein kinase C and hexosamine pathways, and decreased neurotrophic support. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that peripheral neuropathy-like symptoms are present in animal models, representing pre-diabetes in the absence of hyperglycemia.
Conclusion: This complexity complicates the successful treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and results in the poor outcome of translating successful treatments from animal studies to human clinical trials.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Treatment for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: What have we Learned from Animal Models?
- Creators
- Mark Yorek - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Current diabetes reviews, Vol.18(5), pp.3-e040521193121
- DOI
- 10.2174/1573399817666210504101609
- PMID
- 33949936
- PMCID
- PMC8965779
- NLM abbreviation
- Curr Diabetes Rev
- ISSN
- 1573-3998
- eISSN
- 1875-6417
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publ Ltd
- Number of pages
- 17
- Grant note
- RX000889 / Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Rehabilitation Research and Development; US Department of Veterans Affairs DK107339 / National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases from NIH
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/01/2022
- Academic Unit
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984360154202771
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