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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes and exacerbates calcification in heart valve myofibroblast populations
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes and exacerbates calcification in heart valve myofibroblast populations

Andrea Gonzalez Rodriguez, Megan E. Schroeder, Joseph C. Grim, Cierra J. Walker, Kelly F. Speckl, Robert M. Weiss and Kristi S. Anseth
The FASEB journal, Vol.35(3), pp.e21382-n/a
03/01/2021
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002013RR
PMCID: PMC7875331
PMID: 33554387
url
https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202002013RRView
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Pro-inflammatory cytokines play critical roles in regulating valvular interstitial cell (VIC) phenotypic changes that can cause heart valve fibrosis and calcification. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine known to influence VIC behavior and has been reported at high levels in calcified valves ex vivo. We sought to understand the specific effects of TNF-alpha on VIC phenotypes (eg, fibroblast, profibrotic activated myofibroblasts) and its link with heart valve disorders. We characterize human aortic valve tissue from patients with valve disorders and identify a high variability of fibrotic and calcific markers between tissues. These results motivated in vitro studies to explore the effects of TNF-alpha on defined VIC fibroblasts and profibrotic activated myofibroblasts, induced via FGF-2 and TGF-beta 1 treatment. Using 3D hydrogels to culture VICs, we measure the effect of TNF-alpha (0.1-10 ng/mL) on key markers of fibrosis (eg, alpha SMA, COL1A1) and calcification (eg, RUNX2, BMP2, and calcium deposits). We observe calcification in TNF-alpha-treated VIC activated myofibroblasts and identify the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade as a potential pathway for TNF-alpha mediated calcification. Conversely, VIC fibroblasts respond to TNF-alpha with decreased calcification. Treatment of VIC profibrotic activated myofibroblast populations with TNF-alpha leads to increased calcification. Our in vitro findings correlate with findings in diseased human valves and highlight the importance of understanding the effect of cytokines and signaling pathways on specific VIC phenotypes. Finally, we reveal MAPK/ERK as a potential pathway involved in VIC-mediated matrix calcification with TNF-alpha treatment, suggesting this pathway as a potential pharmaceutical target for aortic valve disease.
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biology Cell Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics Science & Technology

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