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Unexpected events induce motor slowing via a brain mechanism for action-stopping with global suppressive effects
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Unexpected events induce motor slowing via a brain mechanism for action-stopping with global suppressive effects

Jan R Wessel and Adam R Aron
The Journal of neuroscience, Vol.33(47), pp.18481-18491
11/20/2013
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3456-13.2013
PMCID: PMC3834054
PMID: 24259571
url
https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3456-13.2013View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

When an unexpected event occurs in everyday life (e.g., a car honking), one experiences a slowing down of ongoing action (e.g., of walking into the street). Motor slowing following unexpected events is a ubiquitous phenomenon, both in laboratory experiments as well as such everyday situations, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that unexpected events recruit the same inhibition network in the brain as does complete cancellation of an action (i.e., action-stopping). Using electroencephalography and independent component analysis in humans, we show that a brain signature of successful outright action-stopping also exhibits activity following unexpected events, and more so in blocks with greater motor slowing. Further, using transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure corticospinal excitability, we show that an unexpected event has a global motor suppressive effect, just like outright action-stopping. Thus, unexpected events recruit a common mechanism with outright action-stopping, moreover with global suppressive effects. These findings imply that we can now leverage the considerable extant knowledge of the neural architecture and functional properties of the stopping system to better understand the processing of unexpected events, including perhaps how they induce distraction via global suppression.
Vocabulary Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology Humans Male Electroencephalography Reaction Time - physiology Brain - physiology Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Young Adult Movement - physiology Analysis of Variance Repression, Psychology Brain Mapping Female Electromyography Photic Stimulation Inhibition (Psychology)

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