Journal article
Universal subunit vaccine protects against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV
npj vaccines, Vol.9(1), 133
07/25/2024
DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00922-z
PMCID: PMC11272943
PMID: 39054338
Abstract
Although Omicron RBD of SARS-CoV-2 accumulates many mutations, the backbone region (truncated RBD) of spike protein is highly conserved. Here, we designed several subunit vaccines by keeping the conserved spike backbone region of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 subvariant (S-6P-no-RBD), or inserting the RBD of Delta variant (S-6P-Delta-RBD), Omicron (BA.5) variant (S-6P-BA5-RBD), or ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (S-6P-WT-RBD) to the above backbone construct, and evaluated their ability to induce immune responses and cross-protective efficacy against various SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV. Among the four subunit vaccines, S-6P-Delta-RBD protein elicited broad and potent neutralizing antibodies against all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, the BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.4.6, and BA.5 Omicron subvariants, and the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2. This vaccine prevented infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, and completely protected immunized mice against lethal challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and SARS-CoV. Sera from S-6P-Delta-RBD-immunized mice protected naive mice against challenge with the Delta variant, with significantly reduced viral titers and without pathological effects. Protection correlated positively with the serum neutralizing antibody titer. Overall, the designed vaccine has potential for development as a universal COVID-19 vaccine and/or a pan-sarbecovirus subunit vaccine that will prevent current and future outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-related CoVs.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Universal subunit vaccine protects against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV
- Creators
- Gang Wang - Georgia State UniversityAbhishek K Verma - University of IowaJuan Shi - Georgia State UniversityXiaoqing Guan - Georgia State UniversityDavid K Meyerholz - University of IowaFan Bu - University of Minnesota Medical CenterWei Wen - University of Minnesota Medical CenterBin Liu - HormelFang Li - University of Minnesota Medical CenterStanley Perlman - University of IowaLanying Du - Georgia State University
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- npj vaccines, Vol.9(1), 133
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41541-024-00922-z
- PMID
- 39054338
- PMCID
- PMC11272943
- ISSN
- 2059-0105
- eISSN
- 2059-0105
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 07/25/2024
- Academic Unit
- Microbiology and Immunology; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Pathology; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Infectious Disease (Pediatrics)
- Record Identifier
- 9984688449202771
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