Journal article
Upregulation of FOXM1 leads to diminished drug sensitivity in myeloma
BMC cancer, Vol.18(1), pp.1152-1152
11/21/2018
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5015-0
PMCID: PMC6249818
PMID: 30463534
Abstract
Background
Following up on previous work demonstrating the involvement of the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) in the biology and outcome of a high-risk subset of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (nMM), this study evaluated whether FOXM1 gene expression may be further upregulated upon tumor recurrence in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (rMM). Also assessed was the hypothesis that increased levels of FOXM1 diminish the sensitivity of myeloma cells to commonly used myeloma drugs, such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Bz) and the DNA intercalator doxorubicin (Dox).
Methods
FOXM1 message was evaluated in 88 paired myeloma samples from patients with nMM and rMM, using gene expression microarrays as measurement tool. Sources of differential gene expression were identified and outlier analyses were performed using statistical methods. Two independent human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) containing normal levels of FOXM1 (FOXM1N) or elevated levels of lentivirus-encoded FOXM1 (FOXM1Hi) were employed to determine FOXM1-dependent changes in cell proliferation, survival, efflux-pump activity, and drug sensitivity. Levels of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein were determined with the assistance of Western blotting.
Results
Upregulation of FOXM1 occurred in 61 of 88 (69%) patients with rMM, including 4 patients that exhibited > 20-fold elevated expression peaks. Increased FOXM1 levels in FOXM1Hi myeloma cells caused partial resistance to Bz (1.9–5.6 fold) and Dox (1.5–2.9 fold) in vitro, using FOXM1N myeloma as control. Reduced sensitivity of FOXM1Hi cells to Bz was confirmed in vivo using myeloma-in-mouse xenografts. FOXM1-dependent regulation of total and phosphorylated Rb agreed with a working model of myeloma suggesting that FOXM1 governs both chromosomal instability (CIN) and E2F-dependent proliferation, using a mechanism that involves interaction with NIMA related kinase 2 (NEK2) and cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), respectively.
Conclusions
These findings enhanced our understanding of the emerging FOXM1 genetic network in myeloma and provided preclinical support for the therapeutic targeting of the FOXM1-NEK2 and CDK4/6-Rb-E2F pathways using small-drug CDK and NEK2 inhibitors. Clinical research is warranted to assess whether this approach may overcome drug resistance in FOXM1Hi myeloma and, thereby, improve the outcome of patients in which the transcription factor is expressed at high levels.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Upregulation of FOXM1 leads to diminished drug sensitivity in myeloma
- Creators
- Chunyan Gu - Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineXuefang Jing - Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineCarol Holman - Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineRamakrishna Sompallae - Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineFenghuang Zhan - Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineGuido Tricot - Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineYe Yang - Nanjing UniversitySiegfried Janz - Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- BMC cancer, Vol.18(1), pp.1152-1152
- DOI
- 10.1186/s12885-018-5015-0
- PMID
- 30463534
- PMCID
- PMC6249818
- NLM abbreviation
- BMC Cancer
- ISSN
- 1471-2407
- eISSN
- 1471-2407
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
- Grant note
- 81600177 / ; BK20160048; BK20161041 / ; 81670220; 81500166; 81670200 / ; R01CA152105; R21CA187388; R01CA151354 / ;
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 11/21/2018
- Academic Unit
- Occupational and Environmental Health; Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation; Pathology; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984186777602771
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