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Using Subjective and Objective Social Class Measures in Research, Assessment, and Practice
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Using Subjective and Objective Social Class Measures in Research, Assessment, and Practice

Nicholas A. Bowman, Shinji Katsumoto, Genia M. Bettencourt, Joseph A. Kitchen and Lauren N. Irwin
Journal of student affairs research and practice, Vol.63(1), pp.1-14
01/2026
DOI: 10.1080/19496591.2025.2505847

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Abstract

Students' social class is frequently assessed in postsecondary contexts, but studies overwhelmingly use measures that are intended to be objective, such as first-generation status or Pell eligibility. This methodological manuscript answers recent calls for more contextualized assessments by discussing the use of subjective measures of undergraduate students' perceived social class. Drawing upon literature, theory, and relevant data, we argue that subjective measures should be used when possible to complement information from objective social class measures.
Social Sciences Education & Educational Research

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