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Vaccine Effectiveness Against Long COVID in Children
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Vaccine Effectiveness Against Long COVID in Children

Hanieh Razzaghi, Christopher B Forrest, Kathryn Hirabayashi, Qiong Wu, Andrea Allen, Suchitra Rao, Yong Chen, H Timothy Bunnell, Elizabeth A Chrischilles, Lindsay G Cowell, …
Pediatrics (Evanston), Vol.153(4), e2023064446
04/01/2024
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064446
PMCID: PMC10979300
PMID: 38225804
url
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10979300/pdf/peds.2023-064446.pdfView
Open Access

Abstract

Vaccination reduces the risk of acute COVID-19 in children, but it is less clear whether it protects against long COVID. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against long COVID in children aged 5-17 years. This retrospective cohort study used data from 17 health systems in the RECOVER PCORnet electronic health record (EHR) Program for visits after vaccine availability. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate VE against long COVID with matching on age group (5-11, 12-17) and time period and adjustment for sex, ethnicity, health system, comorbidity burden, and pre-exposure health care utilization. We examined both probable (symptom-based) and diagnosed long COVID in the year following vaccination. The vaccination rate was 56% in the cohort of 1,037,936 children. The incidence of probable long COVID was 4.5% among patients with COVID-19, while diagnosed long COVID was 0.7%. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness within 12 months was 35.4% (95 CI 24.5 - 44.5) against probable long COVID and 41.7% (15.0 - 60.0) against diagnosed long COVID. VE was higher for adolescents 50.3% [36.3 - 61.0]) than children aged 5-11 (23.8% [4.9 - 39.0]). VE was higher at 6 months (61.4% [51.0 - 69.6]) but decreased to 10.6% (-26.8 - 37.0%) at 18-months. This large retrospective study shows a moderate protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against long COVID. The effect is stronger in adolescents, who have higher risk of long COVID, and wanes over time. Understanding VE mechanism against long COVID requires more study, including EHR sources and prospective data.

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