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Wakefulness suppresses retinal wave-related neural activity in visual cortex
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Wakefulness suppresses retinal wave-related neural activity in visual cortex

Didhiti Mukherjee, Alex J Yonk, Greta Sokoloff and Mark S Blumberg
Journal of neurophysiology, Vol.118(2), pp.1190-1197
08/01/2017
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00264.2017
PMCID: PMC5547270
PMID: 28615335
url
https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00264.2017View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

In the developing visual system before eye opening, spontaneous retinal waves trigger bursts of neural activity in downstream structures, including visual cortex. At the same ages when retinal waves provide the predominant input to the visual system, sleep is the predominant behavioral state. However, the interactions between behavioral state and retinal wave-driven activity have never been explicitly examined. Here we characterized unit activity in visual cortex during spontaneous sleep-wake cycles in 9- and 12-day-old rats. At both ages, cortical activity occurred in discrete rhythmic bursts, ~30-60 s apart, mirroring the timing of retinal waves. Interestingly, when pups spontaneously woke up and moved their limbs in the midst of a cortical burst, the activity was suppressed. Finally, experimentally evoked arousals also suppressed intraburst cortical activity. All together, these results indicate that active wake interferes with the activation of the developing visual cortex by retinal waves. They also suggest that sleep-wake processes can modulate visual cortical plasticity at earlier ages than has been previously considered. By recording in visual cortex in unanesthetized infant rats, we show that neural activity attributable to retinal waves is specifically suppressed when pups spontaneously awaken or are experimentally aroused. These findings suggest that the relatively abundant sleep of early development plays a permissive functional role for the visual system. It follows, then, that biological or environmental factors that disrupt sleep may interfere with the development of these neural networks.
Retina - growth & development Visual Cortex - growth & development Visual Pathways - growth & development Male Rats, Sprague-Dawley Visual Cortex - physiology Action Potentials Retina - physiology Visual Pathways - physiology Animals Sleep Wakefulness Neurons - physiology Female

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