Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults

Prathiyankara Shailendra; Katherine L Baldock; Lok Sze Katrina Li; Jessica Gorzelitz; Charles E Matthews; Britton Trabert; Jason A Bennie; Terry Boyle

doi:10.1093/ije/dyae074

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Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults

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Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults

Prathiyankara Shailendra, Katherine L Baldock, Lok Sze Katrina Li, Jessica Gorzelitz, Charles E Matthews, Britton Trabert, Jason A Bennie and Terry Boyle

International journal of epidemiology, Vol.53(3), dyae074

06/03/2024

DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae074

PMCID: PMC11147802

PMID: 38831478

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Abstract

Background While previous studies indicate muscle-strengthening exercises may reduce mortality risk, further research is needed to increase certainty of the evidence. We investigated overall and dose-response associations between weight training and the risks of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in a large cohort of older adults with long follow-up time and a large number of deaths. We also investigated the joint associations of weight training and aerobic exercise with mortality risk. Methods Weight training was assessed via self-report in 2004–05 in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study (USA; n = 216 339), with follow-up to 2019. Cox regression estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between weight training and mortality, after adjusting for confounders including aerobic exercise. Results Around 25% of participants [mean age = 69.9 years (standard deviation = 5.4), 58% men] reported engaging in weight training over the past year, and there were 79 107 (37%) deaths. Engaging in any weight training (vs none) was associated with lower risks of all-cause (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.93–0.96), CVD (HR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.90–0.95) and cancer mortality (HR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.92–0.98). More time spent in weight training was associated with only marginally greater risk reductions. Larger risk reductions were observed among women than men. Performing both aerobic exercise and weight training conferred the greatest mortality risk reduction; weight training was not associated with mortality risk among participants who did no aerobic exercise. Conclusion

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Title: Subtitle: Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults
Creators: Prathiyankara Shailendra - University of South Australia
Katherine L Baldock - University of South Australia
Lok Sze Katrina Li - University of South Australia
Jessica Gorzelitz - , Iowa City, IA, , Bethesda, MD
Charles E Matthews - National Cancer Institute
Britton Trabert - National Cancer Institute
Jason A Bennie - , Wagga Wagga, NSW
Terry Boyle - University of South Australia
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: International journal of epidemiology, Vol.53(3), dyae074
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae074
PMID: 38831478
PMCID: PMC11147802
NLM abbreviation: Int J Epidemiol
ISSN: 0300-5771
eISSN: 1464-3685
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Grant note: ;
Language: English
Date published: 06/03/2024
Academic Unit: Obstetrics and Gynecology; Health, Sport, and Human Physiology
Record Identifier: 9984634945702771

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