Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

S Kelly; N Jahanshad; A Zalesky; P Kochunov; I Agartz; C Alloza; O A Andreassen; C Arango; N Banaj; S Bouix; C A Bousman; R M Brouwer; J Bruggemann; J Bustillo; W Cahn; V Calhoun; D Cannon; V Carr; S Catts; J Chen; J-X Chen; X Chen; C Chiapponi; Kl K Cho; V Ciullo; A S Corvin; B Crespo-Facorro; V Cropley; P De Rossi; C M Diaz-Caneja; E W Dickie; S Ehrlich; F-M Fan; J Faskowitz; H Fatouros-Bergman; L Flyckt; J M Ford; J-P Fouche; M Fukunaga; M Gill; D C Glahn; R Gollub; E D Goudzwaard; H Guo; R E Gur; R C Gur; T P Gurholt; R Hashimoto; S N Hatton; F A Henskens; D P Hibar; I B Hickie; L E Hong; J Horacek; F M Howells; H E Hulshoff Pol; C L Hyde; D Isaev; A Jablensky; P R Jansen; J Janssen; E G Jönsson; L A Jung; R S Kahn; Z Kikinis; K Liu; P Klauser; C Knöchel; M Kubicki; J Lagopoulos; C Langen; S Lawrie; R K Lenroot; K O Lim; C Lopez-Jaramillo; A Lyall; V Magnotta; R C W Mandl; D H Mathalon; R W McCarley; S McCarthy-Jones; C McDonald; S McEwen; A McIntosh; T Melicher; R I Mesholam-Gately; P T Michie; B Mowry; B A Mueller; D T Newell; P O'Donnell; V Oertel-Knöchel; L Oestreich; S A Paciga; C Pantelis; O Pasternak; G Pearlson; G R Pellicano; A Pereira; J Pineda Zapata; F Piras; S G Potkin; A Preda; P E Rasser; D R Roalf; R Roiz; A Roos; D Rotenberg; T D Satterthwaite; P Savadjiev; U Schall; R J Scott; M L Seal; L J Seidman; C Shannon Weickert; C D Whelan; M E Shenton; J S Kwon; G Spalletta; F Spaniel; E Sprooten; M Stäblein; D J Stein; S Sundram; Y Tan; S Tan; S Tang; H S Temmingh; L T Westlye; S Tønnesen; D Tordesillas-Gutierrez; N T Doan; J Vaidya; N E M van Haren; C D Vargas; D Vecchio; D Velakoulis; A Voineskos; J Q Voyvodic; Z Wang; P Wan; D Wei; T W Weickert; H Whalley; T White; T J Whitford; J D Wojcik; H Xiang; Z Xie; H Yamamori; F Yang; N Yao; G Zhang; J Zhao; T G M van Erp; J Turner; P M Thompson; G Donohoe

doi:10.1038/mp.2017.170

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Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

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Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

S Kelly, N Jahanshad, A Zalesky, P Kochunov, I Agartz, C Alloza, O A Andreassen, C Arango, N Banaj, S Bouix, …

Molecular psychiatry, Vol.23(5), pp.1261-1269

05/2018

DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.170

PMCID: PMC5984078

PMID: 29038599

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Abstract

The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

White Matter - physiopathology

Corpus Callosum - physiopathology

Brain - physiopathology

Humans

Middle Aged

Male

Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging

White Matter - ultrastructure

Diffusion Tensor Imaging - methods

Young Adult

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Schizophrenia - physiopathology

Aged, 80 and over

Adult

Female

Aged

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods

Cohort Studies

Details

Title: Subtitle: Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group
Creators: S Kelly - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
N Jahanshad - Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
A Zalesky - Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
P Kochunov - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
I Agartz - Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
C Alloza - University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
O A Andreassen - University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
C Arango - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
N Banaj - Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
S Bouix - Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
C A Bousman - Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
R M Brouwer - Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
J Bruggemann - Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
J Bustillo - University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
W Cahn - Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
V Calhoun - The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
D Cannon - Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
V Carr - Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
S Catts - Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
J Chen - Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
J-X Chen - Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
X Chen - Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
C Chiapponi - Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
Kl K Cho - Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
V Ciullo - Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
A S Corvin - Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
B Crespo-Facorro - CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
V Cropley - Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
P De Rossi - Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
C M Diaz-Caneja - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
E W Dickie - Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
S Ehrlich - Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C.G. Carus, Dresden, Germany
F-M Fan - Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
J Faskowitz - Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
H Fatouros-Bergman - Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
L Flyckt - The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute and Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
J M Ford - University of California, VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
J-P Fouche - Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
M Fukunaga - Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
M Gill - Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
D C Glahn - Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
R Gollub - Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
E D Goudzwaard - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
H Guo - Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, China
R E Gur - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
R C Gur - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
T P Gurholt - NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
R Hashimoto - Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
S N Hatton - Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
F A Henskens - Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
D P Hibar - Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
I B Hickie - Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
L E Hong - Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Horacek - Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
F M Howells - Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
H E Hulshoff Pol - Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
C L Hyde - Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
D Isaev - Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
A Jablensky - University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
P R Jansen - Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
J Janssen - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
E G Jönsson - Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
L A Jung - Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
R S Kahn - Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Z Kikinis - Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
K Liu - Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
P Klauser - Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
C Knöchel - Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
M Kubicki - Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
J Lagopoulos - Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast QLD, Australia, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
C Langen - Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
S Lawrie - University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
R K Lenroot - Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
K O Lim - Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
C Lopez-Jaramillo - Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Mood Disorder Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
A Lyall - Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
V Magnotta - University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
R C W Mandl - Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
D H Mathalon - University of California, VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
R W McCarley - VABHS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
S McCarthy-Jones - Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
C McDonald - Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
S McEwen - Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
A McIntosh - University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
T Melicher - Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
R I Mesholam-Gately - Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
P T Michie - Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
B Mowry - Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
B A Mueller - Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
D T Newell - Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
P O'Donnell - Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
V Oertel-Knöchel - Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
L Oestreich - Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
S A Paciga - Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
C Pantelis - Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
O Pasternak - Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
G Pearlson - Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
G R Pellicano - Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
A Pereira - The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
J Pineda Zapata - Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica, Medellín, Colombia
F Piras - School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
S G Potkin - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
A Preda - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
P E Rasser - Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
D R Roalf - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
R Roiz - CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
A Roos - SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
D Rotenberg - Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
T D Satterthwaite - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
P Savadjiev - Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
U Schall - Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
R J Scott - School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
M L Seal - Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
L J Seidman - Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
C Shannon Weickert - School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
C D Whelan - Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
M E Shenton - VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
J S Kwon - Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
G Spalletta - Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
F Spaniel - Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
E Sprooten - Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
M Stäblein - Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
D J Stein - Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
S Sundram - Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
Y Tan - Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
S Tan - Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
S Tang - Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
H S Temmingh - Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
L T Westlye - Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
S Tønnesen - NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
D Tordesillas-Gutierrez - Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
N T Doan - NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
J Vaidya - Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
N E M van Haren - Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
C D Vargas - Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
D Vecchio - Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
D Velakoulis - Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
A Voineskos - Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
J Q Voyvodic - Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Z Wang - Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
P Wan - Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, China
D Wei - Luoyang Fifth People's Hospital, Henan Province, China
T W Weickert - School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
H Whalley - University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
T White - Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
T J Whitford - University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
J D Wojcik - Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
H Xiang - Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
Z Xie - Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
H Yamamori - Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
F Yang - Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
N Yao - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
G Zhang - Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Zhao - School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
T G M van Erp - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
J Turner - Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
P M Thompson - Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
G Donohoe - Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Contributors: ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group (Institution)
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Molecular psychiatry, Vol.23(5), pp.1261-1269
Publisher: England
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.170
PMID: 29038599
PMCID: PMC5984078
ISSN: 1476-5578
eISSN: 1476-5578
Grant note: R01 MH112180 / NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH106793 / NIMH NIH HHS U54 EB020403 / NIBIB NIH HHS 104036/Z/14/Z / Wellcome Trust P50 MH080272 / NIMH NIH HHS U24 RR021992 / NCRR NIH HHS U01 MH108148 / NIMH NIH HHS P41 EB015922 / NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015611 / NIBIB NIH HHS U24 RR025736 / NCRR NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 05/2018
Academic Unit: Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Radiology; Psychiatry; University College Courses
Record Identifier: 9984003965702771

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