Willingness, self-efficacy, barriers, and facilitators to the provision of peer training on oral health education for nurses and community health workers in Nigeria

Afolabi Oyapero; Folake B. Lawal; Adetayo Aborisade; Abimbola M. Oladayo; Mojisola Olujitan; Aderonke Dedeke; Adeola T. Williams; Ifeoluwa Adetula; Taiwo A. Lawal; Ejiro Idiga; Emiola J. Ayoola; Ezekiel D. Folushade; Amina Mohamed; Amina Baffa; Gbemisola S. Tomoye; Joshua A. Folorunso; Oluwafolakemi A. Egunjobi; Azeez Butali

doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01560-7

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Willingness, self-efficacy, barriers, and facilitators to the provision of peer training on oral health education for nurses and community health workers in Nigeria

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Willingness, self-efficacy, barriers, and facilitators to the provision of peer training on oral health education for nurses and community health workers in Nigeria

Afolabi Oyapero, Folake B. Lawal, Adetayo Aborisade, Abimbola M. Oladayo, Mojisola Olujitan, Aderonke Dedeke, Adeola T. Williams, Ifeoluwa Adetula, Taiwo A. Lawal, Ejiro Idiga, …

Discover public health, Vol.23(1), 292

12/01/2026

DOI: 10.1186/s12982-026-01560-7

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Abstract

Introduction In March 2024, Project OHE-NCHeW delivered oral health education training to 60 Primary health care workers across Lagos, Oyo, and Kano States in Nigeria. This follow-up study, conducted 6–8 months post-training, assessed participants’ willingness and self-efficacy to transfer knowledge and skills through peer-led trainings. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered using a structured questionnaire. Cochran’s Q test assessed regional differences in barriers, facilitators, organizational factors, and post-training challenges, with Bonferroni-adjusted p values ( α = 0.01) and Cramer’s V for effect sizes. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the associations between region and key training outcomes, reporting odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Participants reported high perceived self-efficacy in oral health promotion: 93.3% (56/60) were “very confident” in training others and 95.0% (57/60) in promoting oral health. Facilitators included access to training materials (100.0%), and supportive work environments (86.7%). The barriers included a lack of resources (48.3%), and insufficient ongoing training (51.7%). Logistic regression indicated that participants in Lagos had significantly higher odds of reporting access to training resources (OR = 8.50, 95% CI: 3.27–24.70, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.43), time allocated for training (OR = 7.00, 95% CI: 1.71–28.67, p = 0.006, d = 0.77), and a supportive work environment (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 1.56–21.82, p = 0.008, d = 0.72) compared with Kano, whereas the participants from Oyo had intermediate odds for these facilitators. Conclusion PHCWs demonstrated strong self-efficacy and readiness for peer-led oral health initiatives. Long-term sustainability requires institutional support, including leadership engagement, structured integration into routine systems, and mechanisms for ongoing training and supervision, particularly in resource-limited regions.

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Title: Subtitle: Willingness, self-efficacy, barriers, and facilitators to the provision of peer training on oral health education for nurses and community health workers in Nigeria
Creators: Afolabi Oyapero - Lagos State University
Folake B. Lawal - University of Ibadan
Adetayo Aborisade - Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Abimbola M. Oladayo - A.T. Still University
Mojisola Olujitan - University of Iowa
Aderonke Dedeke - University of Ibadan
Adeola T. Williams - University of Ibadan
Ifeoluwa Adetula - Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Taiwo A. Lawal - University College Hospital, Ibadan
Ejiro Idiga - University College Hospital, Ibadan
Emiola J. Ayoola - University of Ibadan
Ezekiel D. Folushade - University of Ibadan
Amina Mohamed - Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Amina Baffa - Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Gbemisola S. Tomoye - Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
Joshua A. Folorunso - Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
Oluwafolakemi A. Egunjobi - Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
Azeez Butali - University of Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Discover public health, Vol.23(1), 292
DOI: 10.1186/s12982-026-01560-7
ISSN: 3005-0774
eISSN: 3005-0774
Publisher: Springer Nature
Grant note: Christiansen Professorship, University of Iowa, USA
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 03/08/2026
Date published: 12/01/2026
Academic Unit: Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center; Dental Research
Record Identifier: 9985143043002771

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