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Word Reading in Boys With Isolated Oral Clefts: Comparison to Unaffected Average and Dyslexic Readers Using the Dual-Route Model
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Word Reading in Boys With Isolated Oral Clefts: Comparison to Unaffected Average and Dyslexic Readers Using the Dual-Route Model

Emily Hope Kuhlmann and Amy Lynn Conrad
The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, Vol.57(3), pp.310-320
03/2020
DOI: 10.1177/1055665619867015
PMCID: PMC6994360
PMID: 31370691
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6994360View
Open Access

Abstract

To examine word reading performance between boys with isolated cleft lip and/or palate (iCL/P), unaffected average reading (uAR), and unaffected impaired reading (uIR), using the dual-route model. Case/control study. University children's hospital. Males, between the ages of 8 to 11 years, with iCL/P (n = 26), uIR (n = 33), or uAR (n = 28). Single word reading and achievement were evaluated. Analyses of variance and analyses of covariance evaluated group differences in achievement. Medical records were reviewed for iCL/P participants for audiology and speech history. Spearman ρ correlations were calculated between hearing, speech, and reading achievement for the iCL/P group. Reading performance was evaluated using select subscales from the and the . Participants with iCL/P had higher than expected rates of reading impairment, differing across cleft type (0% iCL, 50% isolated cleft lip and palate [iCLP], 71.4% isolated cleft palate only [iCP]). On measures of word reading accuracy, iCL/P participants outscored uIR participants, with uAR participants scoring the highest. This pattern was specific to nonlexical reading tasks. Participants in the uAR and iCL/P groups outscored uIR participants on lexical tasks, with no significant differences between uAR and iCL/P. Evaluation of speech and hearing revealed no significant relationship to single word reading or achievement measures in the iCL/P group. Boys with iCL/P are at a higher risk of reading impairments, particularly within the iCP subset. Regular screening should be encouraged, with skills from lexical and nonlexical routes assessed.
Reading Cleft Lip Humans Cleft Palate Dyslexia Male Speech Child

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