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The Extreme Universe Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon II: Mission, Payload, and Flight
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The Extreme Universe Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon II: Mission, Payload, and Flight

J. H. Adams Jr, Diksha Garg, Denis Allard, Jane M Nachtman, Phillip Alldredge, Yasar Onel, Luis Anchordoqui, Mary Hall Reno, Anna Anzalone, Mahdi Bagheri, …
ArXiV.org
Cornell University
05/27/2025
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2505.20762
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2026.103263View
Published (Version of record) This article has now been published in a journal and has been peer-reviewed by subject experts. This version may differ significantly from the preprint version. Access restricted to faculty, staff and students
url
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.20762View
Preprint (Author's original) This preprint has not been evaluated by subject experts through peer review. Preprints may undergo extensive changes and/or become peer-reviewed journal articles. Open Access

Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) is a pathfinder mission toward a space-based observatory such as the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA). The aim of POEMMA is the observation of Ultra High Energy COsmic Rays (UHECRs) in order to elucidate their nature and origins and to discover \gtrsim 20 PeV very high energy neutrinos that originate from transient and steady astrophysical sources. EUSO-SPB2 was launched from Wānaka New Zealand on May 13th, 2023 as a NASA Balloon Program Office test flight. The mission goals included making the first near-space altitude observations of the fluorescence emission from UHECR-induced extensive air showers (EASs) and making the first direct Cherenkov light emission from PeV cosmic rays traversing Earth's atmosphere. In addition, a Target of Opportunity program was developed for selecting and scheduling observations of potential neutrino sources as they passed just below the Earth's limb. Although a leaky balloon forced termination over the Pacific Ocean after 37 hours, data was collected to demonstrate the successful commissioning and operation of the instruments. This paper includes a description of the payload and the key instruments, pre-flight instrument characterizations in the lab and in the desert, flight operations and examples of the data collected. The flight was too short to catch a UHECR event via fluorescence, however about 10 candidate EAS events from cosmic rays were recorded via Cherenkov light.
Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Physics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

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