Preprint
Vaccine Effectiveness Among 5- to 17-year-old Individuals with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An EHR-Based Target Trial Emulation Study from the RECOVER Project
Research square
Research Square
07/03/2025
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6945998/v1
PMCID: PMC12236908
PMID: 40630514
Abstract
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear, particularly for Omicron subvariants. We evaluated vaccine effectiveness against reinfection with Omicron BA.1/2, BA.4/5, XBB, and later subvariants among 5- to 17-year-olds using data from the RECOVER initiative, a national electronic health record database covering 37 U.S. pediatric institutions. We emulated target trials by age group and variant period, comparing previously infected participants between January 2022 and August 2023. During the BA.1/2 period, vaccination reduced the risk of reinfection, with effectiveness rates of 62% in children and 65% in adolescents. During the BA.4/5 period, protection effectiveness in children was 57%, whereas no statistically significant protection was observed in adolescents. During the XBB or later period, no significant protection was observed in either group. In summary, COVID-19 vaccination provided protection against reinfection during early and mid-Omicron periods in previously infected pediatric populations, but effectiveness declined for later variants.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Vaccine Effectiveness Among 5- to 17-year-old Individuals with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An EHR-Based Target Trial Emulation Study from the RECOVER Project
- Creators
- Yong Chen - University of PennsylvaniaYuqing Lei - University of PennsylvaniaJiajie Chen - University of PennsylvaniaQiong Wu - University of PittsburghTing Zhou - University of PennsylvaniaBingyu Zhang - University of PennsylvaniaMichael Becich - University of PittsburghYuriy Bisyuk - University Medical Center New OrleansSaul Blecker - New York UniversityElizabeth Chrischilles - University of IowaDimitri Christakis - Seattle Children's HospitalLindsay Cowell - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterMollie Cummins - University of UtahSoledad Fernandez - The Ohio State UniversityDaniel Fort - Ochsner Health SystemSandy GonzalezSharon Herring - Center for Practical BioethicsBenjamin Horne - Intermountain Medical CenterCarol Horowitz - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMei Liu - University of FloridaSusan Kim - University of California, San FranciscoParsa Mirhaji - Albert Einstein College of MedicineAbu MosaJennifer Muszynski - Nationwide Children's HospitalCatharine Paules - Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterAlice Sato - Nebraska Medical CenterHayden Schwenk - Stanford MedicineSoumitra Sengupta - Columbia UniversitySrinivasan Suresh - University of PittsburghBradley Taylor - Medical College of WisconsinDavid Williams - University of MichiganYongqun He - University of MichiganJeffrey Morris - University of PennsylvaniaRavi Jhaveri - Lurie Children's HospitalChristopher Forrest - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Resource Type
- Preprint
- Publication Details
- Research square
- DOI
- 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6945998/v1
- PMID
- 40630514
- PMCID
- PMC12236908
- NLM abbreviation
- Res Sq
- ISSN
- 2693-5015
- eISSN
- 2693-5015
- Publisher
- Research Square
- Language
- English
- Date posted
- 07/03/2025
- Academic Unit
- Pharmacy; Epidemiology
- Record Identifier
- 9984847148702771
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