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Observational study of changes in epidural pressure and elastance during epidural blood patch in obstetric patients
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Observational study of changes in epidural pressure and elastance during epidural blood patch in obstetric patients

S D Pratt, D W Kaczka and P E Hess
International journal of obstetric anesthesia, Vol.23(2), pp.144-150
05/2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.01.003
PMCID: PMC4536553
PMID: 24631062
url
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.01.003View
Open Access

Abstract

During an epidural blood patch, we inject blood until the patient describes mild back pressure, often leading to injection of more than 20 mL of blood. We undertook this study to measure the epidural pressures generated during an epidural blood patch and to identify the impact of volume on epidural elastance in obstetric patients. This study was performed in postpartum patients who presented for an epidural blood patch with symptoms consistent with a postdural puncture headache. After identification of the epidural space using loss of resistance to air or saline, we measured static epidural pressure after each 5-mL injection of blood. Models were then fitted to the data and the epidural elastance and compliance calculated. Eighteen blood patches were performed on 17 patients. The mean final volume injected was 18.9±7.8 mL [range 6-38 mL]. The mean final pressure generated was 13.1±13.4 mmHg [range 2-56 mmHg]. A curvilinear relationship existed between volume injected and pressure, which was described by two models: (1) pressure=0.0254×(mL injected)(2)+0.0297 mL, or (2) pressure=0.0679×mL(1.742). The value for r2 was approximately 0.57 for both models. We found no correlation between the final pressure generated and the success of the epidural blood patch. We found a curvilinear relationship between the volume of blood injected during an epidural blood patch and the pressure generated in the epidural space. However, there was a large variation in both the volume of blood and the epidural pressure generated. The clinical importance of this finding is not known. A larger study would be required to demonstrate whether pressure is a predictor of success.
Elasticity Pregnancy Epidural Space - physiology Prospective Studies Humans Pressure Anesthesia, Epidural Blood Patch, Epidural - methods Adult Female Post-Dural Puncture Headache - epidemiology Anesthesia, Obstetrical Post-Dural Puncture Headache - therapy

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